Healthcare facilities, which are highly scientific in their operation, should be designed based on the sciences of their occupants. Requiring high perceptual comfort in all sensory modalities, the medical environment has the potential to improve or negatively impact patient wellness and recovery. Historically, hospitals and clinics have been built as medical production spaces, with poor privacy, poor daylighting, poor thermal comfort, and poor indoor air quality. Therefore, they must be designed based on human factors, human perception, and on the measurement of patients or residents.